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A Comparison of Embedded and Nonembedded Print Coverage of the U.S. Invasion and Occupation of Iraq

University of Oklahoma, 610 Elm Ave., Norman, OK 73019; phone: 405-325-3111 mmhaigh{at}ou.edu

Michael Pfau

Department of Communication at the University of Oklahoma.

Jamie Danesi

Military public affairs, FORSCOM Public Affairs, Fort McPherson, GA

Robert Tallmon

Military public affairs, DINFOS, Fort Meade, MD

Tracy Bunko

Military public affairs, Langly Air Force Base, VA

Shannon Nyberg

Military public affairs, Air Force News, San Antonio, TX

Bertha Thompson

Military public affairs, Ft. George G. Meade, MD

Chance Babin

Military public affairs, Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base, New Orleans, LA

Sal Cardella

Military public affairs, Marine Corps Detachment B, Air Force News, Iwakuni, Japan

Michael Mink

Military public affairs, Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, NC

Brian Temple

Military public affairs, U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Europe

This study examines the impact of embedded versus nonembedded (unilateral) news coverage during the U.S. invasion and occupation of Iraq. A content analysis was conduycted of the Washington Post, New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Chicago Tribune news coverage of the invasion and occupation examining whether embedded and nonembedded new reports were different and, if so, how. News reports were examined for differences in tone toward the military, trust in the military, framing, and authoritativeness. The results of the study revealed significant differences in overall tone toward the military, trust in military personnel, framing, and authoritativeness between embedded and nonembedded articles.

Key Words: embedded • nonembedded • print media coverage • war in Iraq

The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, Vol. 11, No. 2, 139-153 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/1081180X05286041


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